From the previous posts, we learned that in order to differentiate between routes in the MP-BGP table, we include a 64-bit RD value along with the MAC address. In this post, we will discuss what else other than MAC address can propagate through BGP EVPN. Different route types carry BGP EVPN information. RFC 7432 defines […]
Subscribers use IGMP to join a multicast group. If the publisher also resides in the same network as the subscriber, it is sufficient. However, if the subscriber and the publisher are not in the same network, a multicast routing protocol must exist to route the multicast traffic down to the subscriber from the source. Cisco […]
Data delivery models Let’s review what Multicast is by first looking into three other types of data delivery. Unicast: one-to-one transmission Broadcast: one-to-all transmission Anycast: one-to-nearest transmission Multicast is data transmission from one or a group of publishers to a group of subscribers. With that being said we will have different applications with IP Multicast […]
BFD Overview When a link fails, with routing protocols we need to wait until hold time or dead-interval expires then we recalculate the route to the destination. We could lower the hello packet as well as dead-interval timers to expedite the convergence. However, not only we are still talking about some seconds of downtime but […]
vPC and STP By default, only vPC primary switch (Verify it using show vpc role) sends and receives BPDUs on the member ports (even if the root bridge is the vPC secondary switch. Verify it yourself by show spanning-tree interface pomember detail | i sent on the secondary switch). Let’s imagine that primary devices goes […]
Why FHRP? A reliable network must address the following characteristics: High Availability and Fault Tolerance, Scalability, Security, and QoS. For a fault-tolerant network we must address the single of points of failures. A reliable network provides redundancy by implementing a packet-switched network wherein each packets could take a different path to the destination. Not that […]
In this topic, we are going to proceed with basic vPC configuration on NX-OS. Let’s review what we would need upfront before the configuration. We would need L3 connectivity for Peer Keepalive. For example, the management interface. We would require to enable vPC and LACP features. LACP must be used on all member interfaces as […]
In this post I am going to discuss about different network architecture: the traditional campus design, then Spine-Leaf (AKA Leaf-and-spine architecture) and what problems the spine-leaf network design addresses. Classic Three-Tier Architecture You can have a flat network design with a large broadcast domain wherein all network equipment, PCs, printers, APs, connects to each other […]
BGP Overview Border-Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an extremely scalable routing protocol which gives you a lot of control to choose the best route. It is a path-vector, which unlike OSPF where routers individually run SPF algorithm on their Link-State Database, it advertises the routes to the network. BGP connects two autonomous systems (AS) to teach […]
OSPFv2 Overview With Open-Shortest Path First (OSPF) as a Link-State routing protocol, routers build some information about the network. Those information include: Router ID Number of Links Links Descriptions Attached Router Subnet Mask Metric The routers multicast these information (Link State Advertisement or LSA) to the segment. As a result, all routers in the same […]
Elissa Garlin
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